Note: This week we are working with the Week 5 data again and new data for Week 6. For both of these data sets, you have the option of working with a “small” file if it takes a lot of time for code to run on your computer. The file names are wk5_small.csv and wk6_small.csv.

In this week’s notebook, you will learn how to flip the coordinates of a graph and animate a set of graphs to show change over time. We will use these tools to make population pyramids. In your lab, you will use population pyramids to visualize the effects of changing immigration policies across the twentieth century.

Flipping coordinates

To see how coordinate flipping works, we are going to start by going back to last week’s data on women’s occupations. Load the tidyverse package, read in the data for Week 5, and remove records for Alaska and Hawaii before 1960.

library(tidyverse)
ipums <- read_csv("wk5.csv")
ipums<-ipums %>% filter(!STATEFIP %in% c(2,15) & YEAR < 1961)

The following code makes the basic column graph of women’s occupations over time that we began with last week, including only women with an occupation listed.

women <- ipums %>% mutate(OCCUP = OCC1950 %/% 100 + 1) %>%
          mutate(OCCUP = ifelse(OCCUP == 9, 2,
                         ifelse(OCC1950 %in% 910:979, 9, OCCUP))) %>%
          filter(OCCUP < 10) %>% mutate(OCCUP = factor(OCCUP, labels = c("Prof/Tech", "Farming",
                  "Managers", "Clerical", "Sales", "Crafts", "Operatives", "Service", "Laborers"))) %>%
          filter(SEX == 2 & AGE >= 15 & AGE <= 64) %>%
          group_by(YEAR, OCCUP) %>% count(wt = PERWT)
occplot <- ggplot(women, aes(YEAR, n, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1900, 1930, 1960, 1990)) +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Census Year", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed")
occplot

One problem with this kind of plot is that the size of any given category affects the position of the other categories, so it can be hard to compare how a given category has changed over time. For example, did the professional and technical sector grow between 1900 and 1910, or does it just look that way because the bar is higher in the 1910 column? One way to enhance comparability within columns is to facet on occupational categories, either instead of or in addition to using color to denote occupational categories. Do this by adding a facet_wrap() layer to your plot.

occplot + facet_wrap(vars(OCCUP)) + guides(fill = "none")

This helps us compare change within each category over time, but it is now much harder to compare the size of each category at a given point in time. What if we facet by year and put occupational categories on the x-axis? Save this new plot as occplot2 and print it.

occplot <- ggplot(women, aes(YEAR, n, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1900, 1930, 1960, 1990)) +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Census Year", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed")

occplot2 <- occplot <- ggplot(women, aes(OCCUP, n, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Occupational Category", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed") + facet_wrap(vars(YEAR)) + guides(fill = "none")

occplot2

Now we can see the size of different occupational categories in any given year, but it is much harder to see changes in those categories over time. We also can’t see what the categories are. We can fix both of these things by simply turning the plot on its side, which we do by adding the coord_flip() layer.

occplot2 + coord_flip()

It is still hard to read the labels across the bottom, but we can change the y-axis labels to count by millions of women.

occplot2 + coord_flip() + 
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000000, 5000000), labels = seq(0, 20, 5)) +
  labs(y = "Millions of Women")
Scale for 'y' is already present. Adding another scale for 'y', which
will replace the existing scale.

Here we can see the enormous growth of female labor force participation over the twentieth century. It is harder to see changes in the distribution of working women across occupational categories. Instead of plotting the number of women in each category, we can plot the percent of working women in each category. To do this, we need to add a column to our women data frame that includes the total number of working women in each year.

women
women <- women %>% group_by(YEAR) %>% mutate (TOTAL = sum(n))
women 

Copy and paste your code for occplot2 here, and adjust it to graph percents rather than total numbers. You will need to change the value plotted on the y-axis, the scale on the y-axis, and the y-axis label. Don’t forget to add the coord_flip() layer.

ggplot(women, aes(OCCUP, n/TOTAL, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Occupational Category", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed") + facet_wrap(vars(YEAR)) + guides(fill = "none") + coord_flip()


occplot2

Population pyramids

Now that we know how to flip our coordinates, we can make population pyramids like this one, which was widely regarded as the best data visualization of 2014. A population pyramid is a visualization demographers use to quickly see the age-sex structure of a population. Here we will use it to see the effects on the U.S. population of changing immigration laws across the twentieth century. Read in the data for Week 6. We won’t be using the Week 5 data again, so you can save the Week 6 data frame as ipums.

ipums <- read_csv("wk6.csv")

Check to see which samples and variables we are working with

for (year in unique(ipums$YEAR)) {
  print(year)
  print(summary(filter(ipums, YEAR == year)$PERWT))
}
[1] 1900
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
    0.0   100.0   100.0   100.1   101.0   101.0 
[1] 1910
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
   0.00   95.83  100.29   99.96  104.40  196.02 
[1] 1920
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
  65.76   97.64  100.60  100.91  103.89  177.50 
[1] 1930
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
  65.40   99.65  100.75  100.90  101.95  278.85 
[1] 1940
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
  19.00  100.00  100.00   96.43  100.00  100.00 
[1] 1950
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
  13.00   48.00   66.00   79.19   83.00  330.00 
[1] 1960
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
  99.00   99.00  100.00   99.61  100.00  100.00 
[1] 1970
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
    100     100     100     100     100     100 
[1] 1980
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
    100     100     100     100     100     100 
[1] 1990
   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
   0.00   69.00   96.00   99.25  126.00 1728.00 
names(ipums)
[1] "YEAR"     "STATEFIP" "PERWT"    "SEX"      "AGE"      "BPL"     
[7] "BPLD"    
ipums<-ipums %>% filter(YEAR > 1950 | !STATEFIP %in% c(2,15))

ipums %>% filter(YEAR < 1960 & STATEFIP %in% c(2,15))

For now, we are going to use our population pyramids to compare the native-born and foreign-born segments of the U.S. population. In your lab, you will further subdivide the foreign-born segment. Take a look at the documentation for BPL and BPLD and create a new variable called NATIVITY that indicates whether or not a person was born in the United States. We will be faceting on this variable, so make it a factor variable with meaningful labels. While you are at it, also factor SEX, creating a new variable SEXF. Test that you have done this correctly.

ipums <- ipums %>% mutate(NATIVITY = factor(BPL >= 100,labels = c("Born in the U.S.", "Not Born in the U.S.")), SEXF=factor(SEX,labels=c("Male","Female")))

table(ipums$BPL,ipums$NATIVITY)
     
      Born in the U.S. Not Born in the U.S.
  1             362718                    0
  2               9829                    0
  4              64398                    0
  5             234079                    0
  6             610467                    0
  8             113877                    0
  9             161466                    0
  10             31205                    0
  11             55157                    0
  12            206434                    0
  13            426131                    0
  15             30591                    0
  16             49905                    0
  17            799692                    0
  18            402868                    0
  19            307767                    0
  20            209584                    0
  21            372717                    0
  22            295829                    0
  23            100239                    0
  24            211827                    0
  25            410258                    0
  26            522788                    0
  27            297540                    0
  28            279438                    0
  29            435361                    0
  30             50368                    0
  31            151892                    0
  32             15306                    0
  33             53500                    0
  34            368026                    0
  35             66316                    0
  36           1215471                    0
  37            442390                    0
  38             71598                    0
  39            746351                    0
  40            216686                    0
  41             94684                    0
  42           1056258                    0
  44             65878                    0
  45            260553                    0
  46             71256                    0
  47            372093                    0
  48            753891                    0
  49             81446                    0
  50             46225                    0
  51            360287                    0
  53            149856                    0
  54            208494                    0
  55            353311                    0
  56             21856                    0
  90                54                    0
  99            146502                    0
  100                0                  369
  105                0                 1302
  110                0                38627
  115                0                 1345
  120                0                  774
  150                0               110756
  155                0                    3
  160                0                 1176
  199                0                   25
  200                0               105540
  210                0                17329
  250                0                19991
  260                0                23746
  300                0                21484
  400                0                11783
  401                0                 8388
  402                0                  380
  403                0                    4
  404                0                22842
  405                0                36830
  410                0                66511
  411                0                23038
  412                0                 4358
  413                0                 1642
  414                0                73693
  419                0                    4
  420                0                 4776
  421                0                13114
  422                0                   28
  423                0                  513
  424                0                   10
  425                0                11579
  426                0                 8575
  429                0                   16
  430                0                  636
  431                0                   16
  432                0                   34
  433                0                14960
  434                0               123706
  435                0                  278
  436                0                11356
  437                0                   19
  438                0                 5641
  440                0                    1
  450                0                40986
  451                0                  810
  452                0                22784
  453                0               150452
  454                0                24935
  455                0                69365
  456                0                 8103
  457                0                12927
  458                0                  102
  459                0                    8
  460                0                  698
  461                0                 2320
  462                0                 9853
  463                0                    7
  465                0                83221
  499                0                  807
  500                0                20024
  501                0                13569
  502                0                 9961
  509                0                    3
  510                0                    4
  511                0                 1372
  512                0                  815
  513                0                 2113
  514                0                  401
  515                0                19504
  516                0                  236
  517                0                 1800
  518                0                 7928
  519                0                   19
  520                0                  273
  521                0                 9499
  522                0                 3469
  523                0                    1
  524                0                   34
  530                0                   28
  531                0                  215
  532                0                  665
  533                0                    4
  534                0                 2543
  535                0                  602
  536                0                  142
  537                0                 1935
  538                0                    5
  539                0                   12
  540                0                  333
  541                0                 3108
  542                0                 5493
  543                0                   18
  544                0                   70
  545                0                   15
  546                0                   14
  547                0                   29
  548                0                  466
  549                0                   24
  550                0                    1
  599                0                 1315
  600                0                 6909
  700                0                 2694
  710                0                 1168
  800                0                   15
  900                0                29139
  999                0                 9593
table(ipums$SEX, ipums$SEXF)
   
       Male  Female
  1 7829017       0
  2       0 7985852

Population pyramids typically show the size of the population by age group rather than each individual age. Since we are working with data at ten-year intervals, we need to recode AGE into a new factor variable called AGEG that represents ten-year age groups (0-9 through 80+). We can use some programming magic to make it easier. First we make a vector of labels for our new variable. Alternatively, we could have typed out each individual label.

agegrp <- "0-9"
for (n in (1:7)) {
  agegrp <- c(agegrp, paste(n, "0-", n, "9", sep = ""))
}
agegrp <- c(agegrp, "80+")
agegrp
[1] "0-9"   "10-19" "20-29" "30-39" "40-49" "50-59" "60-69" "70-79"
[9] "80+"  

Now we factor AGE and apply the labels. Using integer division saves us a lot of typing.

ipums <- ipums %>% mutate(AGEG = factor(ifelse(AGE >= 80, 8, AGE %/% 10), labels = agegrp))
table(ipums$AGE, ipums$AGEG)
     
         0-9  10-19  20-29  30-39  40-49  50-59  60-69  70-79    80+
  0   296106      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  1   300286      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  2   308872      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  3   309054      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  4   298196      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  5   303590      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  6   302839      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  7   303566      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  8   301446      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  9   298368      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  10       0 301926      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  11       0 286632      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  12       0 298098      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  13       0 287082      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  14       0 281265      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  15       0 278583      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  16       0 280431      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  17       0 275553      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  18       0 275721      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  19       0 265586      0      0      0      0      0      0      0
  20       0      0 260800      0      0      0      0      0      0
  21       0      0 255791      0      0      0      0      0      0
  22       0      0 255426      0      0      0      0      0      0
  23       0      0 252500      0      0      0      0      0      0
  24       0      0 247152      0      0      0      0      0      0
  25       0      0 252613      0      0      0      0      0      0
  26       0      0 246913      0      0      0      0      0      0
  27       0      0 244719      0      0      0      0      0      0
  28       0      0 245230      0      0      0      0      0      0
  29       0      0 240021      0      0      0      0      0      0
  30       0      0      0 258599      0      0      0      0      0
  31       0      0      0 218732      0      0      0      0      0
  32       0      0      0 238856      0      0      0      0      0
  33       0      0      0 226011      0      0      0      0      0
  34       0      0      0 221096      0      0      0      0      0
  35       0      0      0 234080      0      0      0      0      0
  36       0      0      0 218790      0      0      0      0      0
  37       0      0      0 213481      0      0      0      0      0
  38       0      0      0 218421      0      0      0      0      0
  39       0      0      0 208896      0      0      0      0      0
  40       0      0      0      0 227578      0      0      0      0
  41       0      0      0      0 182857      0      0      0      0
  42       0      0      0      0 205371      0      0      0      0
  43       0      0      0      0 189424      0      0      0      0
  44       0      0      0      0 174553      0      0      0      0
  45       0      0      0      0 192458      0      0      0      0
  46       0      0      0      0 171622      0      0      0      0
  47       0      0      0      0 171298      0      0      0      0
  48       0      0      0      0 170248      0      0      0      0
  49       0      0      0      0 167908      0      0      0      0
  50       0      0      0      0      0 181565      0      0      0
  51       0      0      0      0      0 143690      0      0      0
  52       0      0      0      0      0 157917      0      0      0
  53       0      0      0      0      0 145010      0      0      0
  54       0      0      0      0      0 145420      0      0      0
  55       0      0      0      0      0 145939      0      0      0
  56       0      0      0      0      0 135290      0      0      0
  57       0      0      0      0      0 130243      0      0      0
  58       0      0      0      0      0 129714      0      0      0
  59       0      0      0      0      0 129099      0      0      0
  60       0      0      0      0      0      0 134659      0      0
  61       0      0      0      0      0      0 109558      0      0
  62       0      0      0      0      0      0 115416      0      0
  63       0      0      0      0      0      0 109924      0      0
  64       0      0      0      0      0      0 107751      0      0
  65       0      0      0      0      0      0 114407      0      0
  66       0      0      0      0      0      0  97469      0      0
  67       0      0      0      0      0      0  95622      0      0
  68       0      0      0      0      0      0  91103      0      0
  69       0      0      0      0      0      0  87365      0      0
  70       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  87672      0
  71       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  71776      0
  72       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  72796      0
  73       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  66875      0
  74       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  63224      0
  75       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  61408      0
  76       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  52574      0
  77       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  48187      0
  78       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  43759      0
  79       0      0      0      0      0      0      0  41093      0
  80       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  37664
  81       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  29765
  82       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  27474
  83       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  24083
  84       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  21397
  85       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  18359
  86       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  14974
  87       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  12853
  88       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  10114
  89       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0   8779
  90       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  19727
  91       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0   1758
  92       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0   1435
  93       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0   1094
  94       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0    791
  95       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0    658
  96       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0    451
  97       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0    324
  98       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0    277
  99       0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0    242
  100      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0   1386
  101      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0     19
  102      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0     11
  103      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0     15
  104      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      8
  105      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0     11
  106      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      3
  108      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      6
  109      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      3
  110      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      6
  111      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      2
 [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 7 rows ]

We eventually want to animate our population pyramid, but we will begin by using facets for year as well as for nativity. For each year, we want the number of people in each age/sex/nativity category as a percentage of the total population in that year.

agedata <- ipums %>% group_by(YEAR) %>% 
                     count(NATIVITY, SEXF, AGEG, wt = PERWT) %>% 
                     mutate(TOTAL = sum(n))
head(agedata)
tail(agedata)

In the population pyramid, we want the number of men to plot on the left. To make that happen, we express the numbers of men as a negative.

agedata <- agedata %>% mutate(n=ifelse(SEXF=="Male",0-n,n))
head(agedata)
tail(agedata)

Now we can make a column graph, but don’t facet yet. Save the graph as pyramid and print it.

pyramid <- ggplot(agedata, aes(AGEG,n/TOTAL,fill=SEXF)) + geom_col()
pyramid

Flip the coordinates and add facets and all the layers you need to make the plot look good. The Set1 palette from RColorBrewer is a good choice for population pyramids. We can move the legend to the bottom with the theme(legend.position = "bottom") layer.

pyramid + coord_flip() + scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1") + 
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-.15, .15, .05), 
                     labels = c("15%", "10%","5%", "0","5%", "10%","15%")) +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 20) + theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  labs(x = "Age", y = "Percent of Population", fill = "Sex", title = "Population Pyramid") +
  facet_grid(rows = vars(YEAR), cols = vars(NATIVITY))

Animation

We built this set of pyramids one step at a time so that you could see all of the steps that went into it. We could have also done it in one large block of code. Pull together all of the code to make this plot, starting with the original wk6.csv file, into a single block. Don’t include the tests that you used to check your recoding. Add base_size = 25 to your theme_minimal() layer to increase the size of the text. Save the results of the whole block as pyramids.


agegrp <- "0-9"
for (n in (1:7)) {
  agegrp <- c(agegrp, paste(n, "0-", n, "9", sep = ""))
}
agegrp <- c(agegrp, "80+")
agegrp
pyramids <- read_csv ("wk6.csv") %>% filter(YEAR > 1950 | !STATEFIP %in% c(2,15)) %>% mutate(NATIVITY = factor(BPL >= 100, labels = c("Born in the U.S.", "Not born in the U.S.")), SEXF = factor(SEX, labels=c("Male", "Female")),AGEG = factor(ifelse(AGE >= 80,8,AGE %/% 10), labels=agegrp)) %>% group_by (YEAR) %>% count(SEXF,NATIVITY,AGEG,wt=PERWT) %>% mutate(TOTAL=sum(n),n=ifelse(SEXF=="Male",0-n,n)) %>% ggplot(aes(AGEG,n/TOTAL,fill=SEXF)) + geom_col() + coord_flip() + scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set2") + scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-.15, .15, .05), 
                     labels = c("15%", "10%","5%", "0","5%", "10%","15%")) +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 25) + theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  labs(x = "Age", y = "Percent of Population", fill = "Sex", title = "Population Pyramid") +
  facet_grid(cols = vars(NATIVITY))
pyramids

Once you have that working, remove the vertical facet for YEAR, so all years are plotting together. Make sure this is the object that has been saved as pyramids. We want to animate change over time rather than displaying it in facets. To animate a ggplot2 graph, we need to install and load the gganimate and gifski packages. Then, we just need to add one more layer to our pyramids plot.

library(gganimate)
library(gifski)
pyramids + transition_manual(YEAR) 
anim_save("pyramid.gif")

The transition_manual() function indicates which variable to use as the time dimension. The anim_save() function saves the animation as a .gif. You can call it whatever you want. It will not appear in your editor window, but you should see it in the Viewer tab in the lower right window in RStudio.

The animation would be more useful if the title indicated which year we were seeing at any given moment. You can do that by adding another labs() layer to replace the title. I have also added an options() function to increase the resolution of the final animation.

options(gganimate.dev_args = list(width = 1800, height = 860))
pyramids + transition_manual(YEAR) + labs(title = "Population Pyramid, {current_frame}")
anim_save("pyramid.gif")

In order to see the animation in your output, you need to add ![](pyramid.gif){ width=100% } in a markdown block (it’s ok if it doesn’t appear in your editor window; you should see it when you click Preview). Put it below:

Save and preview, then upload to Canvas. You are now ready for Lab 6!

---
title: 'STS 112: Notebook 6'
author: "Mel Avina-Beltran"
output: html_notebook
---
**Note: This week we are working with the Week 5 data again and new data for Week 6. For both of these data sets, you have the option of working with a "small" file if it takes a lot of time for code to run on your computer. The file names are `wk5_small.csv` and `wk6_small.csv`.**

In this week's notebook, you will learn how to flip the coordinates of a graph and animate a set of graphs to show change over time. We will use these tools to make population pyramids. In your lab, you will use population pyramids to visualize the effects of changing immigration policies across the twentieth century.

## Flipping coordinates
To see how coordinate flipping works, we are going to start by going back to last week's data on women's occupations. Load the `tidyverse` package, read in the data for Week 5, and remove records for Alaska and Hawaii before 1960.
```{r results = "hide"}
library(tidyverse)
ipums <- read_csv("wk5.csv")

ipums<-ipums %>% filter(!STATEFIP %in% c(2,15) & YEAR < 1961)
```
The following code makes the basic column graph of women's occupations over time that we began with last week, including only women with an occupation listed.
```{r fig.height = 10}
women <- ipums %>% mutate(OCCUP = OCC1950 %/% 100 + 1) %>%
          mutate(OCCUP = ifelse(OCCUP == 9, 2,
                         ifelse(OCC1950 %in% 910:979, 9, OCCUP))) %>%
          filter(OCCUP < 10) %>% mutate(OCCUP = factor(OCCUP, labels = c("Prof/Tech", "Farming",
                  "Managers", "Clerical", "Sales", "Crafts", "Operatives", "Service", "Laborers"))) %>%
          filter(SEX == 2 & AGE >= 15 & AGE <= 64) %>%
          group_by(YEAR, OCCUP) %>% count(wt = PERWT)
occplot <- ggplot(women, aes(YEAR, n, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1900, 1930, 1960, 1990)) +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Census Year", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed")
occplot
```
One problem with this kind of plot is that the size of any given category affects the position of the other categories, so it can be hard to compare how a given category has changed over time. For example, did the professional and technical sector grow between 1900 and 1910, or does it just look that way because the bar is higher in the 1910 column? One way to enhance comparability within columns is to facet on occupational categories, either instead of or in addition to using color to denote occupational categories. Do this by adding a `facet_wrap()` layer to your plot.
```{r fig.height = 10}
occplot + facet_wrap(vars(OCCUP)) + guides(fill = "none")
```
This helps us compare change within each category over time, but it is now much harder to compare the size of each category at a given point in time. What if we facet by year and put occupational categories on the x-axis? Save this new plot as `occplot2` and print it.
```{r fig.height=10}
occplot <- ggplot(women, aes(YEAR, n, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_x_continuous(breaks = c(1900, 1930, 1960, 1990)) +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Census Year", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed")

occplot2 <- occplot <- ggplot(women, aes(OCCUP, n, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Occupational Category", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed") + facet_wrap(vars(YEAR)) + guides(fill = "none")

occplot2

```

Now we can see the size of different occupational categories in any given year, but it is much harder to see changes in those categories over time. We also can't see what the categories are. We can fix both of these things by simply turning the plot on its side, which we do by adding the `coord_flip()` layer.
```{r fig.height=10}
occplot2 + coord_flip()
```

It is still hard to read the labels across the bottom, but we can change the y-axis labels to count by millions of women.
```{r fig.height=10}
occplot2 + coord_flip() + 
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 20000000, 5000000), labels = seq(0, 20, 5)) +
  labs(y = "Millions of Women")
```
Here we can see the enormous growth of female labor force participation over the twentieth century. It is harder to see changes in the distribution of working women across occupational categories. Instead of plotting the *number* of women in each category, we can plot the *percent* of working women in each category. To do this, we need to add a column to our `women` data frame that includes the total number of working women in each year.
```{r}
women
women <- women %>% group_by(YEAR) %>% mutate (TOTAL = sum(n))
women 
```
Copy and paste your code for `occplot2` here, and adjust it to graph percents rather than total numbers. You will need to change the value plotted on the y-axis, the scale on the y-axis, and the y-axis label. Don't forget to add the `coord_flip()` layer.
```{r fig.height=10}
ggplot(women, aes(OCCUP, n/TOTAL, fill = OCCUP)) + geom_col() +
              scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::percent) +
              scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set3") +
              theme_minimal(base_size = 20) +
              labs(x = "Occupational Category", y = "Number of Women", fill = "Occupational Category",
                  title = "Occupational Change for Women Aged 15-64 with Occupation Listed") + facet_wrap(vars(YEAR)) + guides(fill = "none") + coord_flip()

occplot2
```

## Population pyramids
Now that we know how to flip our coordinates, we can make population pyramids like [this one](http://www.pewresearch.org/age-pyramid/), which was widely regarded as the best data visualization of 2014. A population pyramid is a visualization demographers use to quickly see the age-sex structure of a population. Here we will use it to see the effects on the U.S. population of changing immigration laws across the twentieth century. Read in the data for Week 6. We won't be using the Week 5 data again, so you can save the Week 6 data frame as `ipums`.
```{r results = "hide"}
ipums <- read_csv("wk6.csv")

```
Check to see which samples and variables we are working with
```{r}
for (year in unique(ipums$YEAR)) {
  print(year)
  print(summary(filter(ipums, YEAR == year)$PERWT))
}
names(ipums)

```
```{r}
ipums<-ipums %>% filter(YEAR > 1950 | !STATEFIP %in% c(2,15))

ipums %>% filter(YEAR < 1960 & STATEFIP %in% c(2,15))
```
For now, we are going to use our population pyramids to compare the native-born and foreign-born segments of the U.S. population. In your lab, you will further subdivide the foreign-born segment. Take a look at the documentation for `BPL` and `BPLD` and create a new variable called `NATIVITY` that indicates whether or not a person was born in the United States. We will be faceting on this variable, so make it a factor variable with meaningful labels. While you are at it, also factor `SEX`, creating a new variable `SEXF`. Test that you have done this correctly.
```{r}
ipums <- ipums %>% mutate(NATIVITY = factor(BPL >= 100,labels = c("Born in the U.S.", "Not Born in the U.S.")), SEXF=factor(SEX,labels=c("Male","Female")))

table(ipums$BPL,ipums$NATIVITY)
table(ipums$SEX, ipums$SEXF)

```
Population pyramids typically show the size of the population by age group rather than each individual age. Since we are working with data at ten-year intervals, we need to recode `AGE` into a new factor variable called `AGEG` that represents ten-year age groups (0-9 through 80+). We can use some programming magic to make it easier. First we make a vector of labels for our new variable. Alternatively, we could have typed out each individual label.
```{r}
agegrp <- "0-9"
for (n in (1:7)) {
  agegrp <- c(agegrp, paste(n, "0-", n, "9", sep = ""))
}
agegrp <- c(agegrp, "80+")
agegrp
```


Now we factor AGE and apply the labels. Using integer division saves us a lot of typing.
```{r}
ipums <- ipums %>% mutate(AGEG = factor(ifelse(AGE >= 80, 8, AGE %/% 10), labels = agegrp))
table(ipums$AGE, ipums$AGEG)
```
We eventually want to animate our population pyramid, but we will begin by using facets for year as well as for nativity. For each year, we want the number of people in each age/sex/nativity category as a percentage of the total population in that year.
```{r}
agedata <- ipums %>% group_by(YEAR) %>% 
                     count(NATIVITY, SEXF, AGEG, wt = PERWT) %>% 
                     mutate(TOTAL = sum(n))
head(agedata)
tail(agedata)
```
In the population pyramid, we want the number of men to plot on the left. To make that happen, we express the numbers of men as a negative.
```{r}
agedata <- agedata %>% mutate(n=ifelse(SEXF=="Male",0-n,n))
head(agedata)
tail(agedata)
``` 

Now we can make a column graph, but don't facet yet. Save the graph as `pyramid` and print it.
```{r}
pyramid <- ggplot(agedata, aes(AGEG,n/TOTAL,fill=SEXF)) + geom_col()
pyramid
```
Flip the coordinates and add facets and all the layers you need to make the plot look good. The `Set1` palette from `RColorBrewer` is a good choice for population pyramids. We can move the legend to the bottom with the `theme(legend.position = "bottom")` layer.
```{r fig.height=20}
pyramid + coord_flip() + scale_fill_brewer(palette = "Set1") + 
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-.15, .15, .05), 
                     labels = c("15%", "10%","5%", "0","5%", "10%","15%")) +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 20) + theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  labs(x = "Age", y = "Percent of Population", fill = "Sex", title = "Population Pyramid") +
  facet_grid(rows = vars(YEAR), cols = vars(NATIVITY))
```

## Animation
We built this set of pyramids one step at a time so that you could see all of the steps that went into it. We could have also done it in one large block of code. Pull together all of the code to make this plot, starting with the original `wk6.csv` file, into a single block. Don't include the tests that you used to check your recoding. Add `base_size = 25` to your `theme_minimal()` layer to increase the size of the text. Save the results of the whole block as `pyramids`.
```{r results = "hide"}

agegrp <- "0-9"
for (n in (1:7)) {
  agegrp <- c(agegrp, paste(n, "0-", n, "9", sep = ""))
}
agegrp <- c(agegrp, "80+")
agegrp

pyramids <- read_csv ("wk6.csv") %>% filter(YEAR > 1950 | !STATEFIP %in% c(2,15)) %>% mutate(NATIVITY = factor(BPL >= 100, labels = c("Born in the U.S.", "Not born in the U.S.")), SEXF = factor(SEX, labels=c("Male", "Female")),AGEG = factor(ifelse(AGE >= 80,8,AGE %/% 10), labels=agegrp)) %>% group_by (YEAR) %>% count(SEXF,NATIVITY,AGEG,wt=PERWT) %>% mutate(TOTAL=sum(n),n=ifelse(SEXF=="Male",0-n,n)) %>% ggplot(aes(AGEG,n/TOTAL,fill=SEXF)) + geom_col() + coord_flip() + scale_fill_brewer(palette="Set2") + scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-.15, .15, .05), 
                     labels = c("15%", "10%","5%", "0","5%", "10%","15%")) +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 25) + theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  labs(x = "Age", y = "Percent of Population", fill = "Sex", title = "Population Pyramid") +
  facet_grid(cols = vars(NATIVITY))

```

```{r fig.height=20}
pyramids
```
Once you have that working, remove the vertical facet for `YEAR`, so all years are plotting together. Make sure this is the object that has been saved as `pyramids`. We want to animate change over time rather than displaying it in facets. To animate a `ggplot2` graph, we need to install and load the `gganimate` and `gifski` packages. Then, we just need to add one more layer to our `pyramids` plot.
```{r results = "hide"}
library(gganimate)
library(gifski)
pyramids + transition_manual(YEAR) 
anim_save("pyramid.gif")
```
The `transition_manual()` function indicates which variable to use as the time dimension. The `anim_save()` function saves the animation as a `.gif`. You can call it whatever you want. It will not appear in your editor window, but you should see it in the `Viewer` tab in the lower right window in RStudio. 

The animation would be more useful if the title indicated which year we were seeing at any given moment. You can do that by adding another `labs()` layer to replace the title. I have also added an `options()` function to increase the resolution of the final animation.
```{r results = "hide"}
options(gganimate.dev_args = list(width = 1800, height = 860))
pyramids + transition_manual(YEAR) + labs(title = "Population Pyramid, {current_frame}")
anim_save("pyramid.gif")
```

In order to see the animation in your output, you need to add `![](pyramid.gif){ width=100% }` in a markdown block (it's ok if it doesn't appear in your editor window; you should see it when you click `Preview`). Put it below: 

![](pyramid.gif){ width=100% }

Save and preview, then upload to Canvas. You are now ready for Lab 6!
